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The amino acid sequence of proteins from all types of organisms is usually determined by sequencing the gene that encodes the protein and then reading the genetic code from the DNA sequence. The key difference between base sequence and amino acid sequence is that base sequence is the nucleotide sequence of a DNA or an RNA molecule, while the amino acid sequence is the string of amino acids linked together in a peptide or a protein.
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A look at the genetic code in the codon table below reveals that the code is redundant meaning many of the amino acids can be coded by four or six possible codons. A codon table can therefore be constructed and any coding region of nucleotides read to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded. That means all organisms use the same codons to specify the placement of each of the 20 amino acids in protein formation.
#AMINO ACID SEQUENCE CHART CRACKED#
The genetic code only needed to be cracked once because it is universal (with some rare exceptions). These three letter codes of nucleotides (AUG, AAA, etc.) are called codons. When experiments were performed to crack the genetic code it was found to be a code that was triplet. A triplet code could make a genetic code for 64 different combinations (4 X 4 X 4) genetic code and provide plenty of information in the DNA molecule to specify the placement of all 20 amino acids. A doublet code could code for 16 amino acids (4 x 4). You can also download this spreadsheet where the average and monoisotopic masses for each amino acid are calculated within the spreadsheet from the listed elemental values (that you can change). Since there are only four nucleotides, a code of single nucleotides would only represent four amino acids, such that A, C, G and U could be translated to encode amino acids. The amino acid masses are based on the sum of the elemental masses where the elemental masses are from Unimod. The logic is that the nucleotide code must be able to specify the placement of 20 amino acids. Prior to understanding the details of transcription and translation, geneticists predicted that DNA could encode amino acids only if a code of at least three nucleotides was used.